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Comprehensive Prevention of Pests and Diseases in Farmland Crops
Comprehensive prevention and control of crop pests and diseases on farmland is mainly based on agricultural prevention and control. It is well protected and utilized natural natural enemies, the rational use of chemical pesticides, the coordination of good chemical control and biological control contradiction, so that crops are protected from or less harm to pests and diseases, and strive to Get the best economic benefits and ecological environmental protection. I. Agricultural control Through a series of agricultural cultivation and technical measures, it will purposefully change certain environmental factors, create favorable conditions for the growth and breeding of crops and their natural enemies, and reduce or reduce the favorable conditions for the occurrence of diseases and insects, thereby reducing the risk of diseases and insect pests. To the minimum. The prevention and control measures are as follows: Breeding and utilization of improved varieties of pest-resistant crops, adjustment of crop variety layout and sowing date, rational interplanting, rotation cropping, deep-cultivation, field management, scientific water use fertilizer, and clean gardens. II. Physical prevention and control Methods for controlling pests and diseases by using various physical factors, mechanical equipment and modern pest control tools mainly include the following aspects: 1. Manual killing and cultivating: According to the living habits of pests, using simple machinery, relying on manual killing Pests. Such as the artificial capture of pod moth; in late July and mid-April mid-field cultivator, can break the soybean pupa pupa environment, reduce eclosion and reduce hazards. 2, trapping and trapping: the use of pests of the tropism or other special habits of trapping, trapping and killing pests, including light trapping, prey bait killing, crop trapping and so on. Such as the use of black light to attract a variety of insect pests, sweet and sour liquid to attract a variety of lepidopteran insects adults. 3, barrier: According to the living habits of pests, set a variety of obstacles to prevent or prevent the spread of pests. Such as bagging, trenching and other resistance. 4, the use of radioactive energy and laser: First, the use of radioactive energy and stimulate the direct killing of pests or bacteria; Second, the use of radioactive energy treatment of insects caused by insect male sterility, play a role in the control of pest populations. Third, biological control The use of certain biological or biological metabolites to control pests and diseases, including: 1. Insect pests: the use of parasitic and predatory insects to control pest damage. Such as using grasshoppers, ladybugs, cockroaches and other control of soybean aphids, with Trichogramma and other control pod moth, Soybean nightflies. 2, the use of bacteria pest control: the use of certain pathogenic microorganisms, so that the pests are susceptible to the purpose of controlling harm. Such as pathogenic fungi are Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, mold and so on. 3, the treatment of bacteria: the use of microorganisms and their secretion of antibiotics, antibiotics, etc. to inhibit or kill pathogenic microorganisms. Such as Jinggangmycin, streptomycin and so on. 4. Utilization of vertebrates: The use of predatory vertebrates, such as birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, to control pest damage. Fourth, chemical prevention and control According to different crops, different growth periods, tolerance levels, the harmfulness of pests and the control of natural enemies, develop reasonable chemical control indicators. Only when the pest exceeds the prevention and control index, and the natural enemies can not control the harm in a short time, use chemical prevention and control. The medication should be correct, reasonable, and scientific: 1. Treat the disease according to the type of crop, growth period, type of disease and insect, occurrence degree, The types of pesticides, dosage forms, doses, and methods of pesticide application are selected for the inventory of natural enemies, the ratio of benefits to harm, and the weather conditions. Efficient, low toxicity, low residue and high selectivity pesticides should be used where possible. 2, timely application of drugs: choose the right time to use drugs is the key to good or bad control effect. Under normal circumstances, the disease is mainly prevented, and the control effect is good at the onset of the onset of disease; insect pests should be controlled before the third instar larvae. 3, the drug concentration and dose should be appropriate: the concentration and dose of chemical pesticides should be different with the type of insects, age, insect status, crop growth period and application methods vary. Must not arbitrarily increase the concentration and dose, so as not to cause human and animal poisoning and crop phytotoxicity. 4. Scientific compounding and alternating medication: In the case of multiple diseases and insect pests at the same time, the scientific and rational application of mixed pesticides can be used to treat a variety of diseases and pests, expand the scope of control, and improve the control effect. Alternate use of drugs can delay pests. The emergence of drug resistance.